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原电池中的能量变化  发帖心情 Post By:2008/8/5 14:41:43

 

实验目的

让学生了解原电池的原理

 

实验原理

原电池是将化学能转变为电能的装置。

构成原电池有三条件:一是电极材料,这可以是两种金属活动性不同的金属或由金属和其他能导电的材料(非金属或某些氧化物等)组成;二是两电极必须浸在电解质溶液中;三是两电极之间要用导线连接。

较活泼的金属发生氧化反应,电子从较活泼的金属(负极)流向较不活泼的金属(正极)

铜锌原电池:

+级:Cu

-级:Zn

电解液:H2SO4

-级反应:Zn —2e- = Zn2+  (锌片)[氧化反应]

+级反应:2H+ + 2e-=H2 ↑  (铜片)[还原反应]

总反应:Zn + H2SO4 = ZnSO4 + H2

 

实验仪器

电流传感器,pH传感器,烧杯,导线,开关

 

实验药品

锌片,铜片,稀硫酸

 

操作提示

用导线使电流传感器的正极连接铜片,负极连接锌片

 

实验步骤

1.PC、采集器及传感器的连接:

接上电源接口,另一端插入采集器电源,用数据线使采集器电源和数据采集器相连,数据采集器接上USB数据线并连接到电脑的USB2.0接口上,然后数据采集器上用数据线分别连上pH传感器和电流传感器。

在电脑上双击图标,进入实验操作界面。

2.在烧杯中倒入稀硫酸,作为电解液,并放入pH传感器,测其pH值。取锌片和铜片,作为电极材料,用导线连接锌片和铜片,将电流传感器上红色的夹子夹在铜片上,黑色的夹子夹在锌片上,观察电流传感器的读数。然后将锌片和铜片浸入稀硫酸中使形成一个闭合回路。观察电流传感器的读数和pH传感器中示数的变化,记录数据

3.对实验结果进行数据分析

 

操作体会(实验者完成)

如:可作下列比较实验:

锌片和铜片都不浸入稀硫酸;

只有锌片浸入稀硫酸;

只有铜片浸入稀硫酸;

锌片和铜片分别浸入装有稀硫酸的烧杯中;

锌片和铜片都浸入稀硫酸;

开关断开或闭合。

观察电流传感器的读数,使学生更明白原电池的原理。


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