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科学家发现反向围绕太阳运行天体  发帖心情 Post By:2008/9/16 15:31:45

 北京时间9月12日消息,据英国新科学家杂志报道,目前,科学家在寒冷的“柯伊伯带”(Kuiper belt)发现一颗奇特的天体,它竟然能顺时针围绕太阳旋转,而太阳系内其他天体都是逆时针方向围绕太阳旋转的。这项研究将有助于解释以哈雷彗星为典型的神秘彗星家族的起源。

  这颗新天体被称为“2008 KV42”,位于海王星之外的环状冰体结构——柯伊伯带,它的运行轨道相对于地球轨道平面(又称为黄道)呈103.5°,这意味着当它围绕太阳旋转时,实现上是与其他行星相反的方向运行。

  英属哥伦比亚大学的布雷特·戈德曼领导的研究小组于今年5月首次发现了这颗“独来独往”的天体。观测结果表明,2008 KV42的直径是50公里,其环绕太阳的轨道长度为从天王星至海王星之间距离的两倍,它与太阳之间的距离为20-70天文单位,1个天文单位相当于地球至太阳之间的距离。

  该天体的运行轨道在数亿年里都处于稳定状态,但是天文学家称这颗天体可能诞生于其他宇宙区域。美国马萨诸塞州小行星研究中心的布赖恩·马斯登说,“的确这非常引人好奇地想问2008 KV42究竟诞生于何处。”他指出,这颗天体很可能诞生于与哈雷彗星很相似的诞生地,哈雷彗星也是相对其他星体反向环绕太阳旋转,并有度数较高的倾斜轨道面,像哈雷彗星这样的天体可以持续运行20-200年之间,但是它们要比2008 KV42更接近于太阳。

  目前尚不清楚类似2008 KV42的彗星究竟诞生于何处,计算机模拟显示它们并不会诞生于其他类型彗星的两种出生地——柯伊伯带或更遥远的奥特星云,奥特星云这种冰壳状结构距离太阳20000-200000个天文单位。

  戈德曼研究小组计算2008 KV42出现于柯伊伯带之外,但更接近于奥特星云,奥特星云距离太阳2000-5000个天文单位,许多天文学家称该区域为“内奥特星云”。重力干扰很可能将2008 KV42从内奥特星云中踢了出来,使其出现在当前的轨道。戈德曼称,未来有一天2008 KV42可能会被推出当前轨道,使它进入离太阳更近的轨道上。最终,2008 KV42可能会成为一颗“过渡天体”,并逐渐变成哈雷类型的彗星。

  该研究小组发现至少20个柯伊伯带天体处于陡峭倾斜的轨道平面上,然而却未发现任何一颗反向运行的天体。


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