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干细胞技术:未来10年将使整个医学为之改观  发帖心情 Post By:2008/8/7 11:07:09

   干细胞都是来自全能细胞和多能细胞。如果我们在实验室里对其进行“培养”、诱导、它们就能够无限地繁殖,同时总能保持转变为任何组织(肌肉组织、肾组织、肝组织等)的能力。沿着这条路走下去,10年内这一研究工作将能够使整个医学改观。让我们看看这种改观主要集中在哪些方面。
   ·癌症治疗
在肿瘤研究方面,实验室里的细胞可以遏制在肿瘤治疗过程出现的严重的副作用。目前骨髓细胞用于接受化疗过量的患者,改善患者的造血功能和免疫系统,同时也提供了重要的生物信息,即肿瘤细胞为什么和如何繁殖并转移的机理。
   ·组织再生
替换细胞或者受损和失去功能的组织,这是最令人感兴趣的课题。比如在心脏和肺先天性畸形的病例中替换细胞,修复因动脉硬化而造成损坏的血管,或者修复因身体受创伤而损坏了的脊髓。这种可能性已经在小鼠身上做过实验,它能治疗很多神经性疾病(如阿尔茨海默氏症)和其他器官性疾病(如糖尿病)中的胰腺病等。它还能进一步应用于皮肤植换。通过全能细胞再生组织和器官,还能解决移植器官的异体排斥问题。使用全能胚胎干细胞可以治疗艾滋病,可自身移植能使被 HIV 病毒(人类免疫缺陷病毒)破坏了免疫系统功能恢复的细胞,或者还可以使用转基因细胞以生产抗病毒物质。
   ·药品和疫苗
这些细胞配制容易,繁殖也快,这就使它们很适于生产药品和疫苗。以这种方式将可能生产出为人类提供特殊蛋白质的乳牛、绵羊、山羊和猪,它们在治疗囊肿纤维化中起到根重要的作用。从这种蛋白质中也能获得“极纯净”的激素,而且价格低廉:从 1 升的牛奶中能获得40克的蛋白质。大批量生产任何类型的细胞使得创造人的组织成为可能,这种在试管中的人的组织可用于评估药品和各种合成药剂的毒性,从而避免了在动物身上进行这类实验。
   ·基因疗法
胚胎干细胞与成年人的单能细胞不同,它能够较好地接受和容纳从外部引入的基因,以取代有缺陷的或变化了的基因。另外,单独将基因移植到全能细胞中去,就能够获得血液的、皮肤的、肝脏的和大脑的“正确无误”的细胞。

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